Internet of Things Wikipedia card. .
Of networking.
Internet of Things (The Internet of things) is defined as: The radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners and other information sensing device, according to the agreed protocol, to any article connected to the Internet up to information exchange and communication, in order to achieve intelligent identify, locate, track, monitor and manage a network. Internet of Things concept is put forward in 1999. Internet of Things is the "material objects connected to the Internet."This has two meanings: first, the core of networking and infrastructure continues to be the Internet, is in the Internet on the basis of the extension and expansion of the network; second, the user-end extended and expanded to any article and articles, information exchange and communication.
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Define background economic growth point of interconnection awareness mistakes one misconception misconceptions of the misunderstanding of misunderstanding of principle carried out steps the application uses the key areas of application development in China's power of open source projects in the Government's measures on the future of national security issues 1, 2, privacy issues 3, 4, business model of networking policies and regulations. 5. technical standards harmonization and coordination. 6, management platform. 7, security system. 8. application development. Internet of Things on China's influence will extend 1 trillion industry's first high-speed railway property strategic networking technology center in Suzhou, the definition of investment and the background of economic growth with the Internet of things one of awareness of errors errors errors errors of two of the four purposes of the three errors Application of principle to carry out steps to developing key areas of application cases have the right to speak the Government College of open source projects, the future of measures 1, 2 national security issues, privacy issues 3, 4, business models, physical interconnection policies and regulations. 5, integration and coordination of technical standards. 6, the formation of management platform.7, security system. 8. application development. From networking to China will expand trillion level strategic industry's first high-speed rail in networking technology application Center in Suzhou into use.
For details, please refer to material things interconnection network centers to vote in the wooden ring. .
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Definition of the English name for the Internet of Things "The Internet of Things", for short: IOT. By the name of the visible, physical network is the "material objects connected to the Internet." This has two meanings: First, the core and foundation of Internet of things is still the Internet, is based on the Internet extension and expansion of a network; second, extended and expanded its client to any goods and materials between , the exchange of information and communication.Therefore, the definition of networking is via radio frequency identification (RFID) devices, infrared sensors, GPS, laser scanners and other information for sensor equipment, according to the conventions of the agreement, and any items that can be connected to the Internet, information exchange and communication in order to achieve intelligent identification, location, tracking, monitoring, and management of a network.
Here the "objects" to the following conditions can be incorporated into the "Internet of things" in the range: 1, the receiver must have the appropriate information; 2, there must be data transmission channel; 3, there must be some storage; 4, to a CPU; 5, to have the operating system; 6, have specialized applications; 7, have the data transmitter; 8, follow the object network communication protocol; 9, the network in the world has a unique number that can be identified . .
In September, 2009 in Beijing from networking and business environment in Europe, the European Commission seminar on information and Social Media Division in charge of the RFID sector Lorent Ferderix doctor gives the EU definition of interconnection: interconnection of is a dynamic global network infrastructure, it has a standards-based and interoperable communication protocols for self-organizing capability, including physical and virtual "matter" has the identity, physical properties, the virtual character and intelligent interface and information networks for seamless integration. Internet of Things will work with the media the Internet, the Internet and corporate Internet service together, constitute the future of the Internet. .
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Background. .
Logistics network diagram.
Internet of Things concept is put forward in 1999. At that time Internet-based, RFID technology, EPC standards, based on the Internet in the computer, using radio frequency identification technology, wireless data communication technology and so on, we construct a realization of real-time global shipment information sharing of the physical Internet, "Internet of things" (referred to as objects networking) This is the first round of the 2003 China Internet of things off the basis of fever. .
Sensor network is based on the perception of technology established network. Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1999 launched a study of sensor networks, and has made some achievements in scientific research, the establishment of a number of sensor networks. In 1999, the United States held in mobile computing and networking International Conference, "sensor network is the next century, humanity is facing yet another opportunity for development." In 2003, the United States the technical comments on proposed sensor network technology will be the future change people's lives at the top of the top ten technology.
November 17, 2005, in Tunis World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), the International Telecommunication Union released the "ITU Internet Report 2005: Internet of Things", citing the "Internet of things" concept. Report points out that the ubiquitous "Internet of things" communications era dawns, all the objects from tires to toothbrushes, from housing to the tissue can be exchanged via the Internet initiative. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), sensor technology, nanotechnology, smart technology will be embedded into a more widely used. .
According to the description of the ITU, in the era of networking, in a variety of daily necessities, a short distance on embedded mobile transceiver, the beings in a world of information and communication will be given a new dimension of communication, from any location at any time of the communication connection to people and objects and the substance of the communication connection between. The rise of networking concepts, to a large extent, thanks to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 2005 as the title of networking in the annual report on the Internet. However, the ITU's report on the lack of interconnection with a clear definition.
Although the domestic Internet of things not yet a unified standard definition, but in essence things networking, Internet of things is the development of modern information technology to a certain stage of a polymerization after application and skills upgrading, to a variety of sensing technologies of modern network technology and artificial intelligence and automation technology aggregation and integration applications, intelligent dialogue, human and material to create a world of wisdom. Because the Internet of Things technology involves almost all aspects of information technology is a polymer, system and development of innovative applications, and therefore the information technology 才被 called the third revolutionary innovation.The essence of networking can be summed up in three respects: first, the Internet feature, that is, the need for networked objects must be able to achieve interoperability of the Internet; second, the identification and communication features, namely the inclusion of networking "must have" for automatic recognition and object of communication (M2M); third, intelligent features, the network should have automatic, self-feedback and intelligent control features.
January 28, 2009, after Obama became President, and U.S. business leaders held a "round table", as one of only two representatives, IBM CEO Samuel Palmisano, the first time "Earth Wisdom" this concept, the proposed new government investment in new generation of intelligent infrastructure. .
2009, news, IBM greater China Group CEO Forum at 2009IBM qiandaqun published the "wisdom of the Earth," the latest strategy.
This concept was put forth that all of the great concern by the United States, and even some analysts believe that IBM's this idea most likely rise to U.S. national strategy, and caused a sensation around the world. IBM think, IT industry for the next phase of the task is to make full use of next-generation IT technologies among the industries, specifically, is to embed sensors and equipment to the power grid, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, buildings, water supply systems, dams, oil and gas pipelines and other objects, and is generally connected to form Internet of things. .
In response to China's economic situation, qiandaqun said that China's vast infrastructure building, and the Chinese Government is taking great control, implement the determination, and matching funds to the necessary infrastructure for large-scale building, the "wisdom of the Earth" of this strategy will generate more value.
In the policy conference, IBM also suggested that if the implementation of infrastructure, embedded "intelligent" concept, not only to strong in the short term to stimulate the economy, promote employment, but also can shorten the time for China to build a mature wisdom infrastructure platform. .
Qiandaqun said that today's world many significant issues such as the financial crisis, energy crisis and environmental deterioration, and actually have more "intelligent" solution. In the global economy downturn while pregnant with the future opportunities for development, China is not only able to take this opportunity to open new optimistic industry and new markets, accelerate development, the impact of the crisis.
IBM hope that the "wisdom of the earth" strategy will set off "the Internet" after the wave of another technological revolution. Former IBM CEO Lou Gerstner has made an important point, that the computing model changes occur once every 15 years. The judge as accurately as Moore's Law, people call it "15 year cycle's Law." Changes that occurred before and after 1965 to mainframe marked after 1980 marked the popularity of personal computers, but occurred before and after 1995, the Internet revolution.Each such technological change are causing companies, industrial companies and even countries significant turbulence in the competitive landscape and changes. While the Internet revolution, to a certain extent, the "information superhighway" strategy are ripening. The 1990s, the Clinton Administration's plan for 20 years, the $ 2000 billion-$ 400 billion, building national information infrastructure, creating a huge economic and social benefits.
Today, the "wisdom of the earth" strategy is a lot of Americans believe that from the "information superhighway" have many similarities, as they think are to revive the economy, the establishment of key strategic competitive advantage. The strategy could set off the same as the year the Internet revolution, technological and economic wave of concern not only for the United States and more world attention. .
"The prospect of networking is very broad, it will dramatically change our present way of life. "The National Aeronautics and electronics demonstration Center Director Zhao Ann said. Industry experts, said that from intranet life personified, everything became one of its kind. In the matter of associative world goods (commodities) are able to "Exchange" with each other, without human intervention. From networking to automatically using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, through the Internet for goods (commodities), automatic identification, and information of the Internet and sharing. It can be said that the matter of interconnection is full of intelligent world. In the world of networked objects, physical objects connected dragnet. .
November 2008 in Peking, China Mobile Government seminar "the knowledge society and innovation 2. .0" experts made mobile technology, the development of networking technology driven economy and society, innovative forms of change, the promotion of a knowledge-based society to user experience as the core of next-generation innovation (innovation 2. .0) formation, innovation and development of more concern to users, focusing on people-oriented.
10 years is expected to have research institutions may be large-scale popularization of Internet of things, this technology will develop into an upper trillion scale high-tech market, the industry provides 30 times more than the Internet. .
It is learnt that from networking industry chain can be broken down into identity, perception, processing and transmission of four segments, each link in the key technology for RFID, sensors, smart chip and telecom operators wireless transmission network. EPOSS in the "Internet of Things in 2020" report, analysis and forecasting, the future Internet of things will experience four stages of development, 2010, RFID is widely used in logistics, retail and pharmaceutical sector, 2010 to 2015 objects interconnected, 2015 ~ 2020 objects into the semi-intelligent, all after 2020 into intelligent objects. .
As pioneers in the development of networking, RFID has become the market most concerned about the technology. Data show that in 2008 the Global RFID market size has been removed from the 2007 49. .5 billion to $ 52. .9, this figure covers the RFID market, including tags, readers and other infrastructure, software and services. RFID cards and card-related infrastructure will be accounted for 57.30% to $ .3. .5 billion. From the financial and security industry will promote RFID card market growth. Analysys International forecasts, in 2009 the Chinese RFID market will reach 5 billion yuan, the annual compound growth rate of 33%, of which more than 3.8 billion yuan of electronic tag, reader close to 700 million yuan, software and services market to reach 500 million yuan pattern. .
MEMS is the abbreviation of Microelectromechanical systems, MEMS technology, which is based on micro/Nano, broad market prospects. The main advantage of MEMS sensor is small in size, massive cost reductions of postpartum, is currently mainly used in automotive and consumer electronics two broad areas. According to the latest report, ICInsight is expected from 2007 to 2012 global semiconductor based on MEMS sensor and actuator of sales will reach 19% of the average annual compound growth rate (CAGR), and 41 million in 2007, compared to five years to achieve annual sales of us $ 97 . .
Truly realized by networking.
Economic growth in the industry experts believe that Internet of things on the one hand can enhance economic efficiency, significant cost savings; the other hand, the global economic recovery for the provision of technical power. Currently, the United States, European Union, China and so invested heavily in in-depth study and exploration in the Internet of things. China is also highly concerned about the emphasis on Internet of things research, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology together with relevant departments, the new generation of information technology research is being carried out to form a new generation of information technology to support the development of policy measures. .
Wang Jianzhou, Chief Executive of China Mobile has repeatedly referred to, the link will become the future development of China Mobile. He said he will be invited to Taiwan RFID, sensor and barcode manufacturer and China Mobile cooperation. According to him, the use of networked technologies, Shanghai Mobile has more than one industry clients to create a set of data collection, transmission, processing, and business management in one integrated application packages for wireless solutions. The latest data show that Shanghai Mobile currently has more than 10 000 chips mounted in a taxi, bus, forms of networking applications in all walks of life magic, ensure that the orderly functioning of the city. During the World Expo in Shanghai, "car service links" to a comprehensive public transport system used in Shanghai, the most advanced technical support for the Expo Site and smooth traffic flow around the large; for logistics transport management "e logistics", will provide users real-time accurate delivery status information, vehicle tracking and positioning, transport path selection, logistics network design and optimization services, greatly enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of logistics enterprises. .
In addition, the "popularity" of networking, for animals, plants and machines, articles of sensor and electronic labels and the accompanying interface device number will greatly exceed the number of mobile phones. The promotion of networking will be to promote economic development and a drive to another industry has opened up enormous opportunities for development. According to the current needs of the intranet, you will need in recent years by billions of sensors and RFID tag, which will greatly promote the production of components for information technology, while at the same time increase the numerous employment opportunities.
According to truly build an effective Internet of things, there are two important factors. First, in scale, and only has the size, can play a role in smart materials. For example, a city of 100 million cars, if we only installed on the vehicle in the 10000 intelligent system, it is impossible to form an intelligent transportation system; Second, liquidity, items are usually not static, but rather a state in motion , items must be kept in motion state, even under high speed can be at any time for dialogue. .
AGSL FORRESTER Consulting Agency predicts that by 2020, the world of matter, with the Internet business and communications business will reach 30 compared to more than 1, therefore, "Networking" as "the next trillion level communication service.
Internet of Things heat why does China grow rapidly? Internet of Things in China benefit from China's rapid rise in property in networking for several advantages. .
First, my early in 1999, started from networking core sensor network technology research and development level is in the forefront of the world; second, in the areas of sensor networks in the world, China is the leading standards, patent ownership; and third, China is currently able to achieve a complete industrial chain of networking is one of the countries; fourth, wireless communication networks and broadband coverage for the development of networking provides a solid infrastructure support; fifth, China has become the world's third largest economies, there is a relatively strong economic strength to support the development of networking. Internet of Things Wrong awareness of current knowledge on the Internet of things there are many misunderstandings, which have a direct impact on Internet of things we understand the impact of the logistics industry, it is necessary first to distinguish errors, clarify our thinking. Misunderstanding of the sensor network or RFID network equivalent Internet of things. Sensor technology or in fact, RFID technology or are simply one of information gathering technology. In addition to sensor technology and RFID technology outside, GPS, video recognition, infrared, laser, scanning all be able to automatic identification technology and material things can become a communication network of information collection technology materials.Sensor network or RFID network only from an application of networking, but by no means of networking. Misunderstanding of the matter-networking for the Internet's endless infinity, of all things networking as a completely open, all interconnected, all sharing the Internet platform. Fact of networking is not a simple global sharing unlimited extension of the Internet. Even if the Internet is also not only means we usually think of international sharing of computer networks, the Internet also have the distinction between the Wan and LAN.
Internet of Things can be both our common sense extension of the Internet to materials; also be applied according to actual needs and the industry composition of local area network, professional network. Reality is no need to make all the items can not be networked; have no need for professional networks, local area network must be connected to the global Internet sharing platform. Future Internet of Things will be very different with the Internet, similar to the wisdom of logistics, intelligent transportation, smart grid and other professional networks; intelligence community and other local area network is the largest application space.Three of the mistake that of networking is the matter of the ubiquitous network on the Internet, so think of networking is the castle in the air, it is very difficult to achieve. The fact of networking are real, many of the primary application of networking early for our services. The idea of networking is in many practical applications launched on the basis of the aggregate-type integrated innovation is already exist with the matter of interconnection of networks, intelligent, automated system for generalization and upgrading it from a higher perspective to upgrade our awareness. Misunderstandings 4 Internet of things as a basket, and everything loaded inwards; based on its understanding, to just be able to interact, communication products as objects networking applications. For example, only a few sensors embedded on the so-called Internet of Things become household appliances; to affix the RFID tag products, it becomes a matter networking applications and so on. .
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Use of Internet of Things widely used all over the intelligent transportation, environmental protection, government, public safety, peace at home, smart fire, industrial monitoring, elderly care, personal health, floriculture, water monitoring, food traceability, enemy detection and intelligence gathering and other more a field. .
The International Telecommunication Union in 2005, a report has described "Networking" picture of the times: when the driver when the car appears operations automatically alert; Briefcase will remind the owner forgot something; "tell" clothes washing machine on color and temperature requirements, and so on. 100 000 000 Bo logistics consulting vivid description Internet of things in the logistics field applications, such as a logistics network system applied material goods, when the load overweight, the car will automatically tell you overloaded, and the number of overload, but there is still room for and tell you how with light and heavy goods; when handling personnel unloading, a cargo packaging may be shouting "throw you hurt me," or "Honey, please do not be too brutal, can I?"; when the driver and other gossip, the sound truck will pretend boss roar, "You idiot, the start up!." .
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There is no doubt that if the "Networking" era, people's daily life. However, not to talk about issues of privacy and radiation, single handle all articles are implanted identification chips that now it is also not very realistic. People are moving towards "Networking" era, but this process may take a very long time.
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Application of the principle of networking is on the Internet, based on the use of RFID, wireless data communication technology, construct a coverage on everything in the world of the "Internet of Things". In this network, goods (products) can be "Exchange" with each other, without human intervention. Its essence is the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, through the Internet for goods (merchandise), automatic identification, and information of the Internet and sharing.
Internet of things is very important to radio frequency identification technology (RFID) technology. RFID is Radio Frequency Identification (Radio Frequency Identification) technology in abbreviation, is the 20th century, the rise of the 90s an automatic identification technology is more advanced a non-contact identification technology.Simple RFID system, combined with existing network technologies, database technologies, middleware, etc, to build a massive network of readers and numerous mobile label consists of more than Internet tremendous from networking to become a trend in the development of RFID technology.
And RFID, is able to make objects "speak" of a technology. In the "Internet of Things" concept of, RFID tags stored in the specification and interoperability of information through wireless data communication network to collect them automatically to a central information system, to achieve goods (products) of identification, and then through the open computer network of information exchange and sharing of the goods to achieve "transparent" administration. .
"The advent of networked" concept, broke the traditional thinking before. Past ideas has always been the physical infrastructure and separated from IT infrastructure: on the one hand, the airport, highways, buildings, and on the other hand is a data center, PC, broadband, etc. In the "Networking" era, reinforced concrete, cable and broadband chips, as a uniform infrastructure, in this sense, the infrastructure is more like a piece of new Earth site, world turning on it, including the running of economic management, production management, as well as personal and social life. Internet of things to carry out these steps in practice carried out on the need for the participation of all walks of life, and the need for national government-led and relevant regulations and policies on the support, Internet of things of which it has in scale, broad participation, management, technical, and material property and so characteristic, in which technical problems are the most critical issues of Things, 100 000 000 Bo logistics consulting presentation materials is a comprehensive networking technology, is a system, none of the domestic companies fully Internet of Things for planning and construction of the entire system, in theory, research has started in all walks of life, but the actual application is restricted to within the industry。 On-network planning and design and development is the key to RFID, sensors, embedded software, and data transfer in the areas of computing research.
In general, the materials to carry out steps to the main cluster as follows:. .
(1) the identity of object attributes, the properties are the properties of static and dynamic, static properties can be stored directly in the tag, the dynamic properties need to be real-time detection sensor;.
(2) the need to identify equipment to complete the reading object attributes, and information into a data format suitable for network transmission;. .
(3) the object of information transmitted over the network to the information processing centre (Centre may be distributed, such as home computers or cell phones, it is also possible that a centralized, such as China Mobile's IDC), completed by processing center communication objects. Key areas of the national medium-and long-term science and technology development planning (2006-2020) "and" next-generation broadband mobile wireless communication network "special in the sensor network in key research areas. China's current level of R & D technology in the world, Chinese Academy of Sciences 10 years ago started the sensor network research, has invested 100 million yuan, China and Germany, the United States, Britain, and South Korea together as an international standard-setting One of the major countries. .
Guosen securities that, from networking is the key to RFID, sensor and embedded software and transfer the data calculation, etc. IT hardware and equipment from the perspective of listed companies, subject to the Internet of things to benefit the areas of: (1) two-dimensional code and RFID, the main origin of the New World is a two-dimensional codes, RFID chips, the electronic tag and reader far Hope Valley, Shanghai Belling and subsidiary A Fadi, a subsidiary Xinda Xiamen Xindeco Meeting Cong; (2) sensor technology subsidiary of the East China Nanjing High Technology, MEMS package of long electrical technology; (3) and TD -SCDMA chip and SIM card of the company Datang Telecom, Eastcom Peace, SiP package of long electric technology. .
Shin Corporation believes that the future 3 ~ 5 years relative to benefit from networking clearly in the construction of the first RFID manufacturers YuanWang Valley; the new short term with two-dimensional codes of low-cost advantages, in supply chain management areas will also get good development opportunities. China Mobile for expansion of value-added services revenue considerations on the development of networking interest, eastcompeace, Datang Telecom is expected to exceed the expected growth opportunities. In addition, investors will focus on the concept of MEMS sensor manufacturers geer acoustics, household appliances, intelligent control of Topband electronic as well as the integrated circuit industry chain-related companies.
United Securities believes that information from the Internet of things to benefit production equipment companies, including Invengo and the New World, but the logic of IT equipment manufacturing industry, the technology and cost-Competition in the global competition. Background in the industry for the better, whether related to the company the opportunity to grow once again need to bottom-up analysis and validation; information from the Internet of things to benefit transfer device companies, including optical communication systems and optical communication devices in the field of war, ZTE and Accelink Science and Technology.Communications equipment manufacturing industry structure clear advantages to China, from networking companies inclined needs will drive the continued growth of the company; and in the delivery of online information for the benefit of carriers including WIFI operators China Unicom and China Telecom.
Guoxin Securities reminded, from the current level of development of the domestic point of view, things are still bottlenecks in the development of networking: first, the core areas of RFID and other high-end chips can not be industrial, domestic RFID to low frequency; second is a more domestic level sensor industry low, high-end monopoly of foreign manufacturers; Third, the Property of Internet to achieve the large volume of data calculation, need algorithm revolution. Applications Application of IOT is not just a concept but in fact, it has been used in many areas, but not the formation of large-scale use. Common use cases include:. .
A: from networking sensor product has taken the lead in anti-intrusion system of Shanghai Pudong International Airport received the application.
Airport anti-intrusion. .
System laid more than 3 thousand sensor nodes, covers the ground, fences and low level detection, you can prevent people smuggling, crossing, terrorist attacks and other offensive invasion. But it wasn't so long ago, the Shanghai World Expo and Wuxi sensor network center to check the order, the purchase of anti intrusion and nano-sensing networks 15 million products.
2: ZigBee street light control system Jinan Garden Expo. Street lighting energy saving ZigBee wireless technology is the Garden Expo in a big bright spot. Park lighting are all functional uses ZigBee wireless technology to reach wireless lamp control. .
3: intelligent transportation systems (ITS).
The use of modern information technology as the core, the use of advanced communications, computers, automatic control, sensor technology, real-time traffic control and command and management. Traffic information collection is considered the key ITS subsystems, is the basis for the development of ITS, a prerequisite for intelligent traffic. Whether or traffic violations traffic control management system, are involved in traffic dynamic information collection, transportation dynamic data acquisition has become the primary task of intelligent transportation. .
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The development of China has the right to speak. .
-Also constitutes interconnection. materials.
October 24, 2009, in the fourth China Fair, China's private technology enterprises, Xi'an Microelectronics announced advantage: China's first core of China Internet of things - "Don at the core" chips developed, China has tackled the core technology of Internet of Things. Tang core chip is a 2 on the 1st. .4 G RF low power programmable system on chip PSoC, meet all conditions of wireless sensor networks, wireless personal area network, active RFID and other objects of the special needs of networking applications for our materials for the development of network industries basis. .
"With the computer, the Internet industry, China in the field of networking, ' to ' enjoy the international language power!" the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and information technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Deputy Director of Wuxi high new nano-sensing Network Engineering Center Director Liu Haitao proud to say.
At present, China's wireless communication network has covered urban and rural areas, from bustling cities to remote rural areas, from the island to Mount Everest, the wireless network coverage everywhere. Wireless network is to achieve "Internet of things" essential infrastructure, placement of animals, plants, machinery and electronic media articles on the digital signal can be generated anywhere, anytime through the ubiquitous wireless network transmitted. "Cloud computing" technology used to make hundreds of millions of real-time dynamic management of various types of goods made possible. .
In the "Networking" in this new industry, our level of technology development at the forefront of the world, have a significant influence. Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1999 launched a study on sensor networks, and other countries compared with the same advantages. The hospital had formed a team of more than 2000 people, invested millions of dollars, intelligent sensor network in the wireless communication technology, micro-sensors, sensor terminals, mobile base station and other substantial progress already had from the materials, technologies, devices and systems to the network of a complete industrial chain. The field of sensor networks in the world, China and Germany, the United States, South Korea together as an international standard-setting one of the leading countries. .
Industry experts said, "the world of networking," the right to speak, not just in technology leadership because China is the world's few can achieve industrialization. This makes our country in the field of information technology to catch up or even occupation, high-end industry value chain as possible.
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuxi micro-sensor network project incorporated R & D center (hereinafter referred to as 'Wuxi sensor network center'), is the core of the current unit of study Internet of things. August 7, 2009, Premier Wen Jiabao in Wuxi, Jiangsu investigation and study of micro-sensor research and development center to be satisfied that a high degree of concern about the proposed sensor network center in Wuxi, the radiation idea.Premier Wen Jiabao pointed out that "in a sensor network development, it is necessary to plan for the future a little earlier, an early break core technology," in the major national science, accelerating development of sensor networks "and" as soon as possible establish China's sensing information center, or call the ' perception of China "Center". Jiangsu provincial party Committee and Government instructed the Prime Minister after implementing, embraced "networking," highlights the construction and application demonstration platform, and the rapid development of a sense of security and industry breakthrough by first advantage. Wuxi is to deploy: give the city the power to seize the high ground of a new round of technological revolution, to build sensor network Wuxi innovations in information technology Heights, Talents and industry position. .
In 2009, Wuxi sensor network centric sensor products in Shanghai Pudong International Airport and Shanghai World Expo has been successfully applied, the first value of 1500 million sensor protection equipment sales success, this equipment consists of 10 000 small sensor, scattered over the wall corner wall and surrounding roads. The sensor can be based on sound, image, the vibration frequency, information analysis, climbed the wall is the person or animal, cat, etc..
Means the formation of a collaborative multi-sensor system, can prevent the officers climb, smuggling, terrorist attacks and other offensive invasion. Efficient than the United States and Israel as anti-intrusion products, the National Civil Aviation Administration official issued a document request, the national civil airport should adopt domestic sensor network intrusion prevention system. To August 2009, Pudong airport only sensor network products direct purchase amount of 4,000 yuan, plus parts of 50 million yuan. Liu Haitao, said if nearly 200 civilian airports have installed intrusion if the system will generate billions of market size.University research in networking research in Chinese universities, the current focus in the Beijing University of posts and mediatek(Beijing) Inc. As the "perception of China" Center, Wuxi in September 2009 and posts and telecommunications on sensor network technology research and development signed a cooperation agreement, the mark "of networking" into the actual construction phase. Statement of Wuxi City will cooperate with Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Research Institute building, will focus on the sensor network, involving optical communication, wireless communication, computer-controlled, multi-media, network, software, electronics, automation technology, in addition, related applications technical studies, scientific research and industrial promotion also included in the agenda. .
To actively participate in the "getting to know China" Centre and network construction and technological innovations and achievements, maintaining, expanding the network of schools in the field of research, recently held in networking, mediatek(Beijing) Inc-building seminars, timely adjustment of research institutes and professional settings, the new set up for networking and sensor network Research Institute, the Institute of networking. September 10, 2009, the first National College of Networking Academy in mediatek(Beijing) Inc was founded. Xinhua daily reporter visited South postal "Center for wireless sensor networks", where researchers and deal with the "Networking" has five or six years. In the laboratory, a number of "Internet of things" has shown signs prototype products. In addition, there are series of initiatives to promote South-mail network construction of objects: the establishment of Internet of Things special research projects, encourage teachers to actively participate in building the research Internet of things; start "wisdom Southern Mail" platform, Internet of things in school construction and other demonstration areas . Open source open source software radio technology to the radio industry trade rows deep impact on the interconnection of networks is no exception. GNU Radio is free software development tool suite.It provides signal processing modules, run and use it to easily produce low-cost radio frequency (RF) for the hardware and general purpose microprocessors on software defined radio. This suite is widely used for amateurs, academic institutions and commercial organizations used to research and build wireless communications systems. Application of GNU Radio is primarily designed to be written in the Python programming language. But its core signal processing module is c++ with floating-point arithmetic for microprocessor built on. Therefore, the developer can build a simple fast real-time, high-capacity wireless systems. Although its main function is not a simulator, GNU Radio frequency RF hardware components in the absence of the situation under the support of the pre-storage and (signal generator) to generate the data signal processing algorithm. Government measures China will take four measures to support the telecom operators to carry out technological innovation and application of Internet of things. These include:. .
1. the key breakthrough of the core networking technologies, realization of scientific and technological innovation. At the same time, bioconjugate networking features, key common technology breakthroughs, research, and promote the application of technology, industry and networking technology solutions in the field of research and development and public service platform, to apply the technology to support breakthrough innovation.
2. . Formulation of development plans in China Internet of things, a comprehensive layout. Focus on developing high-end sensors, MEMS, smart sensors and sensor network nodes, sensor gateway; ultra-high frequency RFID, active RFID and RFID middleware industries, focusing on the development of materials related to the terminal and network equipment and software and information services. .
3. promote typical of networking application demonstration, driven development. Through the application of the guidance and technical research and development of interactive development, networking with animal industry development. Focus on the construction of the sensor network in the public service and the key industries of typical application and demonstration project, established to promote industrial development model, eliminating the restriction sensor network scale development bottleneck. Exploitation of networked information resources collected to enhance the process of networking of the whole value chain.
4. . To strengthen the international and domestic standards for networking things, to protect the development. Make top-level design to meet industry needs, the formation of technical innovation, standards and intellectual property coordination and interaction mechanisms. For key business applications, to enhance key technologies, construction standards verification, testing and simulation platform for standard service, the key standards to speed up the formulation, implementation and applications. Actively participate in international standard-setting, integration of the domestic research efforts and concerted efforts to promote independent innovation of domestic research results to the world. .
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Fantasy future Internet of Things is not technology, but has a technological revolution. .
The era of networking.
Internet of things to make goods and services have undergone a qualitative leap in users of these new features will bring further efficiency, convenience and safety, the resulting new industry based on these features. .
From networking needs of the establishment of the information highway, the rapid development of mobile and fixed broadband penetration is a massive transfer of information from online interactions. Rely on network technology, networking will produce factor and reorganization of the supply chain, becoming the conducted in-depth information of reality. According to industry estimates, China from networking industry chain this year will be able to create 1000 billion yuan of output value, it has become the largest after the 3 g times exciting point of the market.
Some industry experts believe that Internet of things on the one hand can enhance economic efficiency, significant cost savings; the other hand, the global economic recovery for the provision of technical power. At present, Canada, UK, Germany, Finland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, invested heavily in in-depth study and exploration in the Internet of things. Meanwhile, some experts believe that things need to be clearly established network architecture interest in the industrial chain, a new business model, and in the promotion of new industrial chain matrix, the core is clearly the leading telecommunications operator status. .
The development of networking, mobile technology, pervasive computing and ubiquitous networking development results, driven not just technology, but through the application of innovation to further promote economic social form, innovative forms of change and shaping the knowledge society, to promote the flow of knowledge society of the next generation of innovation (innovation 2. .0) formation. Mobile and wireless technologies, the development of networking, making the innovation even more attention to user experience, user experience become the next generation of innovation to the core. Open innovation, joint innovation, mass innovation, user innovation has become a knowledge society, environment, innovation of new features, demonstrate its technology more people-oriented side of human-centered innovation and technology development with the Internet of Things becomes a reality. .
As a matter of actively promoting the networking of EU dream to establish "the future of networking." The EU information society and Media Division, 2009 published the future of the Internet 2020: a vision for the future of the industry expert group report points out that Europe is facing a recession, global competition, climate change, population aging, and many other challenges, the future of the Internet is not a panacea, but we firmly believe that the future of the Internet would be these and other aspects of the part of the solution or even main parts. Report talking about the four characteristics of the future Internet of things: the future of the Internet infrastructure will require a different structure, relying on Internet of things will be the new Web services integration of the economic numbers and the value of the physical world to create new ways to bring the future Internet will including goods, technology and regulatory space space will be separated. There are two things involved in networking. The author believes that top priority is: get rid of the shackles of existing technology, the value of the spectrum, trust and security is essential, user-driven innovation and bring about social change, encourage new business models. .
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Question 1, the National Security China's large enterprises, government agencies, if and foreign agencies, for project cooperation, to ensure that corporate trade secrets, state secrets are not leaked? This is not only a technical problem, but also to national security, must pay close attention. 2, privacy issues in the Internet of things, the radio frequency identification technology is a very important technology.In RFID systems, the label may be embedded in advance of any items, such as people's daily life articles, but because of the article (such as clothing), is not necessarily aware of the items in advance is embedded with RFID and its possible uncontrolled scanned, positioning and tracking, this will cause the individual's privacy has been violated. Therefore, how to ensure that the label of the owner of the inviolability of personal privacy will become RFID technology as well as the promotion of networking. Moreover, this is not just a technical issue, but also to the political and legal issues. Must pay close attention to this issue, and technically and legally be addressed. Resulted in violations of personal privacy is the key issue of the basic functions of radio frequency identification tags: the identity of any one label (ID) or ID can be any remote scan, and labels automatically, without distinction, to respond to reader commands and will transmit its stored information to the reader. This feature can be used to track and locate a specific user or items related to access to private information. This brings us to how to ensure that the items embedded in a label holder of the inviolability of personal privacy issues.3. business models in the promotion of networking in business model innovation is very important, no innovation of networked business models are difficult to mobilize the enthusiasm of the parties. From the early promotion of networking related applications, from networking main mode or customers by building their own platforms, reader, reading terminal, and then leased carrier network to communicate, the client application building, the main purpose of interconnection or from their own perspective to the management of the collection of information, in which a typical application is the power of remote monitoring, in particular the power transformer remote monitoring and remote meter reading applications. This is with the power industry to bring attention and management requirements, but to the power industry objects networked business applications, but the investment and operation and maintenance cost pressure on both the power companies. So is this kind of power companies is the current typical business model. .
Total 1, customers: customer's own mode of construction including business platform, Terminal reader, reading terminal identity while leasing operators of communication networks. In this mode, the customer has taken all of networking platform, customers of investment cost pressure and the need for adequate funding for the chain. This mode of networking applications in general have their privacy requirements, industry-specific characteristics of the foot, its readers and reading codes are extremely personalized, cross-industry development of difficult. A typical representative of electric power in electric industry remote monitoring, water sector of hydrological monitoring, environmental pollution control industries.
2, ASP business model: build public platform to platform operators, customers do not need building platform, only to bear the Internet of Things and Internet of things readers identify the cost of literacy, and to pay related communication costs. GPS vehicle location, video monitoring in the mode most frequently used, of course, does not rule out the relevant structures from the public telecommunications operator platform, but the platform for customers to build cost was shared equally, construction costs can be reduced more. .
3, mode: by ads platform operators to build public platforms, from networking readers and online reading of identity, and then leased to advertisers, advertisers through advertising revenue to cover the operating costs of networking platform. As a result of the management of networked objects can do fine, so are becoming more and more advertisers promising a channel like taxi, bus mobile LED (TV), buildings, business, mobile advertising, etc..
4, the government BOT model: build public platform by the operator, the project operator building its own Internet of Things and Internet of things readers identified literacy, and pay communication costs related to the operator, through the project's operating income to pay for related costs. Examples of typical charges for parking spaces as public administration, communications operators build a platform for car park management and development of related specifications, the project operator through the BOT mode of construction related to public car parking charge system, through the fees of public parking spaces subsidies related equipment and communication costs. .
5, mobile payment mode: by the customer for the construction of the platform and set of associated equipment, leasing network communication operators, through cash commissions for associated costs of Supplement. This application is mainly concentrated in the Bank's Mobile POS application, the present communication operators are beginning to adopt mobile payment and card applications started the market. 4, from networking policies and regulations. Of networking is not a small products, nor is it just a small business can make out, make up, it need not only technology, it is involved in a wide range of industries, industry, the need for multiple power consolidation. This requires that national industrial policies and legislation should be in the front of the industry to develop appropriate policies and development regulations to ensure the normal development of the industry. .
We all know, the auto industry is the economic development of a major industry for a long time, China's policy formulation in the automotive industry, holding hands in a number of interest groups, such as Faw and SAIC these car factory, to a large extent by State-owned enterprises, in the name of a key industry, affecting national policy formulation, dominated this sector, resulting in a new strength to enter China automobile industry, these benefits are, no efforts to research and development, the development of the joint venture as a unique way, the result is as foreign enterprises made money, their own automobile industry without development, and more than ten years of Chinese consumers have been buying much higher than the international market of vehicle . The industrial policy changed, and Chery, Geely, BYD these enterprises to enter the automotive industry, China's auto industry develop high-speed right away, has introduced new models, prices are much lower. .
After World War II, the u.s. economy was not particularly powerful, but in the 1990s, the us information freeways scheme, not the Government investment and industrial policies to give a lot of support, resulting in the United States industrial high speed development of information, now the world is based on the PC and the Internet's information industry full control in the hands of the United States, not only was a great interest, and even political interests, culture, communication, dissemination of the values have played a tremendous role.
So for a complex of things, must have a government policy support, the Government must be dedicated and specialized agencies to study and coordination, Internet of things can have real meaning of development, otherwise, it can only be a modicum of success, not will do well. 5, integration and coordination of technical standards.We all know the Internet, one thing is solved very good standardization problem solving is very good, global transport protocols TCP/IP protocols, routers, Terminal architecture and operating system, these are solved in a very good, so we can be anywhere in the world, with each computer connected to the Internet, you can easily surf the Internet. In the course of the development of networking, sensing, transmission, application there will be a lot of various levels of technology, you may use the different technical programmes. If you own way, that the result is disaster, a large number of small and broken private network, not connected with each other, can not be networked, not economies of scale, can not form an integrated business model, we can not reduce the development costs. Therefore, uniform technical standards as soon as possible to form a management mechanism, which is Internet of things soon face the problem beginning, this issue is resolved well, since it is easy to begin to resolve bad, become, then the problem is difficult since solution. .
This and the first question is, if the Government does not have a dedicated Department to the management and coordination, there is no corresponding policies and regulations, standards harmonization and coordination? 6, management platform. From networking? we often say that RFID, this is just a perception, in fact, the perception of technology is mature, although not necessarily, but that it is not difficult. However, the value of networking? lies in the network, the complexes. Sensing is easy, but the perception of the information, if you do not have a huge network system for management and consolidation, it would be meaningless in this network. Therefore, the establishment of a national, large, integrated business management platform to collect a variety of sensor information, for different categories of management, for a point of transfer, which is a big problem. Even a small business can develop a sensor technology to develop a sensing application. However, there is no way a small business to build a national network of high-efficiency. Without this platform, the result of fragmentation must be inefficient, high cost, difficult to develop, it is difficult to play an effect. .
This platform, telecom operators the most powerful and potentially to construction, may this process, there will be a new management platform with the provider. I also believe that the builders of this platform will be the future of network development, achieve better market position, and even the biggest beneficiaries. 7, security system. By networking the current sensor technology primarily RFID implantation of the chip, is likely to be anyone aware, it is the owner of the products concerned, such a system, you can easily manage. However, it is also of a huge problem for the other Ren also Neng perception, such as in competition with, how Zuo Daozai perception, Chuan Shu, the application process, Zhexie value of information can I Suoyong Wei, do not be used by others, especially not to be used by competitors. This requires the security efforts, the formation of a strong security system. Now we should say, what the security problems, how to deal with these security issues, how to shield are some very complex issues, and even not clear. But these problems must be noted, in particular the management platform provider.Security problem solving is not good, one day there may be value in interconnection will be providing information to competitors, convenient platform, then its value is greatly diminished, and there will not be enterprises willing and dare to use. 8. application development. The value of networking is a sensor network, and is a must for the various sectors involved, different occupations, there will be a different application, will have different requirements, these must be based on the characteristics of the industry, to conduct in-depth research and valuable development. Development of these applications can not rely on operators, it can not just rely on the so-called Internet of Things enterprises, carriers and technology companies because it can not understand industry requirements and specific characteristics of the industry. A large extent, this is a very difficult step, but also need time to wait. Need a basic system for networked objects, some applications need to demonstrate the formation of more traditional industries feel the value of Internet of things, so as to have more companies look at the significance of Internet of things, look at Internet of things might bring the business value, will put their own applications and services with the Internet of things together.From networking to China will expand trillion level strategic industry from June 22 at the opening of the 2010 Shanghai China International Conference on understanding of networking, of networking will become the global ICT industry trillion level. By 2020, the global access from networked terminal will reach 500 million. As a global Internet powers, the future will be focusing on networking industry chain, in the market, technical standards, commercial applications and breakthroughs, to build a global industry. Of networking is the computer, Internet and mobile communication another revolutionary development of the information industry. Internet of Things is now officially listed as national key strategic development of emerging industries. Internet of Things has a long industry chain industry, involves a number of characteristics of industrial clusters, its scope of application covers almost all walks of life. .
The Internet Society of China, Hu qiheng said that, at the World Expo held in China, the General Assembly of networking. China in recent years the rapid development of the Internet industry, the number of Internet users in the world, in the future of networking industry have a foundation. Of networking connectivity products, reach the purpose of the remote control or the realization of the human and material, or material and information exchange between the objects. The current of networking industry needs and areas of potential market size is huge. Internet of Things in the development industry will also drive sensors, microelectronics, video recognition system the simultaneous development of a range of industries, enormous productivity of industrial clusters. .
China Ministry of industry and information technology Division for communication development, Zhang pointed out that networking is currently the most development potential in one of the industry, will effectively drive the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, to lead the strategic development of the emerging industry, implementation of the strategic adjustment of economic structures and the society of production and economic development of the depth of the changes that have significant strategic growth potential, is after the crisis era of economic development and technological innovation in various countries, has become a social model and remodeling the precursor of the national long-term competitiveness. China must firmly grasp the industry innovation and opportunity to accelerate the development of networking industry.
Li Gang, deputy general manager of China Unicom Group, said at the meeting in support of information technology, the Internet of things is prompting a new round of lifestyle changes, rapid development has become a huge market. Chinese domestic RFAD example, in 2009 reached 8.5 billion yuan, the third largest in the world, second only to the United Kingdom and the United States. More secure and stable future wired and wireless data transmission network, will become the key to the rapid development of Internet of things. .
Meeting of experts of networking as an emerging industry, is still in its infancy. Development of networking to highlight obstacles, including technical standards and also in the making, business model, industry chain not mature enough yet, supporting the laws, regulations and policies need to be introduced. The first iron-networking technology application Center in Suzhou putting China's first high-speed rail in networking technology application Center 18, commissioned by the city of Suzhou science and technology, the Centre will provide high-speed networking industry development of providing scientific and technological support.
High-speed rail network as a material property investment industry's largest network, one of the industries best market prospects, are changing the production and life of mankind. According to center staff introduced in the past tickets, the monotonous way ticket will be upgraded to humanity here and diversified experience. Credit card booking, phone booking, telephone booking, the integration of new technologies to use, so that passengers can get rid of the crowded station ticket; and the metro ticket a similar way, you can have different instruments to achieve rapid movement of passengers. .
Reporters learned will be 2010, official opening of the national key project of Shanghai-Nanjing railway, its full range of intercity passenger rail service systems and equipment are developed and produced at the Centre, in addition, the Shanghai-Hangzhou Railway Express, iron, and other projects have been signed.
Suzhou Science and Technology Xu Bingxing Town Board Director, introduced the National Plan of High Speed Rail Construction mileage up to 20,000 km, while overseas markets are very broad, and the center has independent intellectual property rights, can be output on foreign technology. .
Tsinghua easy ride company staff indicated that, in response to China's huge railway passenger volume, the Centre developed the world's largest ticketing system that can handle each year 30 million, which is currently the global system of maximum limit is 5 million.
It is reported that inter-city railway, construction of urban rail transport in recent years into the largest and fastest-growing period, centering on infrastructure construction and property development joint integrated system, the formation of one trillion yuan level is a huge market. Industry estimates, the center can realize sales income this year, one billion yuan, up 10 billion yuan during the next 3-5 scale. .
